Genetics Can Override Biological Sex Assignment

People with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome have XY chromosomes but develop entirely female anatomy. Because their bodies cannot process male hormones, they grow and identify as women despite their genetic profile.

This condition occurs when cells are unable to respond to testosterone, which is typically the driver for male physical development. As a result, the body naturally follows a female developmental path while in the womb. These individuals are typically raised as girls and may only discover they have XY chromosomes later in life, often during medical screenings. It serves as a fascinating example of how hormonal signaling is just as vital as genetics in determining physical traits.