Waking Up Your Computer Remotely
You can power on a sleeping computer from across the room or even halfway across the world just by sending a digital signal. This handy trick works because your network card stays alert and listening even when the main machine is turned off.
This feature relies on a special transmission known as a Magic Packet that contains your device's unique hardware address. Once the network card detects this specific wake-up call, it triggers the motherboard to initialize the full system boot-up. It was standardized in the mid-nineties to help network administrators manage office hardware without needing physical access. Today, it remains a favorite tool for remote workers who need access to their powerful desktop files while away from their desks.
Source: Wake-on-LAN