Italy Encloses Two Entire Independent Countries

Italy is unique for surrounding two separate, fully sovereign nations within its own borders. Both Vatican City and San Marino exist as independent states tucked entirely inside Italian territory.

While most nations have clear borders, Italy acts as a home to these two distinct enclaves. Vatican City is the smallest state in the world, serving as the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. San Marino, meanwhile, claims to be the oldest constitutional republic on the planet. Having sovereign borders inside another country creates a fascinating political map that you will not find anywhere else in Europe.